Power transmission



June 16, 1931. F. LJUNG STRCM I 1,810,232

POWER TRANSMISSION Original Filed Oct. 4. 192 18 Sheets-Sheet 1 June 1931- F. LJUNGSTROM POWER TRANSMISSION 18 Sheets-Sheet 2 Original Filed Oct. 4 1925 June 16, 1931.

F. LJUNGSTRCSM POWER TRANSMISSION Original Filed Oct. 4, 1926 18 Sheets-Sheet 3 mverylz 17 4/6 ATTORNEY Ju e 16, 1931.

LJUNGSTROM POWER TRANSMISSION Original Filed 001;. 4 192 1a Sheets -Sheet 4 I INVENTOR 9W BY June 16, 1931. F, LJUNGSTRQM 1,810,282

POWER TRANSMISSION INVENTOR June'16, 1931.

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POWER TRANSMISSION June 16, 1931.

Original Filed Oct. 4 1925 18 Sheets-Sheet 9 INVENTOR J ATTO14 June 16, 1931. v LJUNGSTROM 1,810,282

POWER 7 TRANSMIS SION 2 Original Filed Oct. 4 192 18 Sheets-Sheet 1O 28 I Q i /7/ 4 U7 IN VENTOR 86 f7 ,Jv/W sATTORNEY June 16, 1931. u gs b 1,810,282

POWER TRANSMI S S ION original Filed Oct. 4 1925 18 Sheets-Sheet 12 INVE TOR 4; ATTOR EY June 16, 1931. umgs 1,810,282

POWER TRANSMISSION Original Filed Oct. 4 92 lg sheets-sheet 13 VII 2/9 INYENTOR June 16, 1931. F. LJUNGSTRGM POWER TRANSMI S S ION LB Sh eetS-Sheet 14 Original Filed Oct. 4 192 11 LLEL'IPI INVENT R z i BY 2 2 June 16, 193 LJUNGSTRGM 1,810,282

POWER TRANSMISSION Original Filed Oct. 4 192 18 Sheets-Sheet 15 /J ATTORNEY June 16, 1931. u gs v 1,810,282

POWER TRANSMISSION Original Filed Oct. 4. 192 18 Sheets-Sheet l6 June 16, 1931. LJUNGSTRQM 1,810,282

POWER TRANSMIS SION Original Filed Oct. 4, 1925 18 Sheiets-Sheet 17 ATTORNEY 18 Shqets-Sheeo 18 J m/0x14. jA-ATTORNEY June 16, 1931. F. LJUNGSTROM POWER TRANSMISSION Original Filed Oct. 4 1926 i Ill/I147 Patented June 16, 1931 UNITED STATES, PATENT OFFICE FREDRIK LJ'U NGSTROM, OF LIIQINGQ, SWEDEN, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, T0 PED, INCORPORATED, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE rowan retransmission,

Continuation of application Serial No. 139,420; filed. October 4, .1926, and in Sweden October 14, 1925. This application flled November 14, 1929. Serial No. 407,236.

This application replaces, and isa continuation of my copending application Serial No. 139,420, filed October 4th, 1926, and is to be considered as relating back thereto for common subject matter and to have all rights accruing as a result of the filing on October 4th, 1926, of said application Serial No. 139,420, and all rights incident to the filing-of applications in foreign countries corresponding to said application Serial No. 139,420.

The present invention relates to power transmissions. More particularly, the invention relates to power transmissions employing one-way clutches, andst-ill more particularly the invention relates to variablespeed transmissions having infinitely variable ratio.

The invention is particularly applicable to automobiles, though it will become obvious that it is not limited to such application.

One object of the invention is to improve that type of transmission in which a mechanism actuated by a uni-directional rotary 25 member produces turning moments of opposite sense or direction. In one phase of the invention, I improve this type of transmission by segregating the turning moments of difi'erent sense before transmission to the driven element and transmitting moments of one sense to the driven element by improved clutch mechanism capable of transmitting forces efficiently-and without lost motion or play between parts. I further improve the general construction of such transmissions.

A further object is to provide meansv for efficiently and readily reversing-a transmis-.

sion of, the type in which turning moments of opposite sense are produced. A still further object isto relieve stresses in the transmission before and during reversal. e

Other objects include: providing trans mission mechanism which automatically checks backward movement of an automo-' bile if it is brought to a stop on an u grade,

without requiringthe application 0 brakes,

yet which permits ready reversal of the transmovement down grade; to provide means for relieving stresses during reversal in a trans mission permitting overrunning or freewheeling of parts; to provide a transmis sion of the opposite turning moment type in whiclrthe turning moments are segre gated by a plurality of reversible one-way clutches; to provide a transmission of this type in which reversal is effected by the concurrent reversal of *the one-way clutches through the medium of a single control mechanism; to provide a single releasable coupling means through which the non-driving turning moments are directed to a relatively fixed abutment in-either adjusted position of the clutch mechanism; to provide means for relieving stresses on the clutch mechanism before alteration of the position' thereof by releasing said coupling means; to provide efficient lubrication of devices of the character set forth; to provide means, in devices of the character set forth, for preventing reversal unless parts thereof are at rest orsubstantially at rest; to provide a lvariable speed transmission of infinite ratio and ratio variable in any degree which ispractical, sturdy, flexible and efiicient; and

to provide a transmission of the opposite turnin moment type in which the coordination 0 the several functions of the trans-' on consideration ofthe following description taken in conjunction with the accompanylng drawings forming part of this specification, which drawings show several embodiments of the invention, of which:

Fig. 1 is a view of one form of transmission embodying the invention, taken on the line I 11 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 2 is a central longitudinal section of the transmission taken onthe line 22 of Fig. 1;

- ioo Fig. 3 is a section of a part of the device taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 shows diagrammatically the path of the center of gravity of an inertia mass em-' ployed in the transmission shown in Fig. 1 when the driven shaft is stationary;

Fig. 5 shows such path when the driven shaft rotatesat half drive shaft speed and in the same direction;

F igufi shows such path for a condition of reverse drive;

Fig. 7 is a central longitudinal section of another form of transmission embodying the invention;

Figs. 8 to 11 are sections taken on the res ectively numbered section lines of Fig. 7;

ig. 12 (a) is a quarter section on an en.- larged scale taken transversely through the clutch mechanism and illustrating the mechanism in one position of adjustment;

Fig. 12 (b) is a View similar to Fig. 12 (0.) showing the clutch mechanism in another position of adjustment;

Fig, 13 is a central longitudinal section showin a third embodiment of the invention Fig. 4 is a section taken on the line 14-14 of Fig. 13;

Fig. 15 is a longitudinal section, on an enlarged scale, of the clutch mechanism shown in Fig. 13;

Figs. 16 and 17 are sections takenon the respectively numbered section lines of Fig.

Figs. Band 19 are transverse section and side elevation views of the roller cages employed 1n the clutch mechanism;

Figs. 20 and 21 are respectively side ele-- Fig. 24 is a diagram illustrating the path of flow of lubricant through the forms of transmission shown in igs. 7 and 13; Fig. 25 is a central longitudinal section drawn to scale of still another form of transmission which has been used on an automobile with a motor capable of developing about 50 h. p.;

Fig. 26 is a transverse section taken on the line 26-26 of Fig. 25

' Fig. 27 is a fragmentary side elevation partly in section and on an enlarged scale of a roller cage; v

Fig. 28 is a section taken on the line 28--28 of Flg. 27;

Fig. 29 is a section taken on the line 29-29 of Fig. 28;

Fig. 30 1 s a fragmentary section similar to Fig. 29 and on an enlarged scale illustrating in exaggerated form the clearances obtaining in arts of the structure;

*ig. 31 (a) is a transverse quarter section on an enlarged scale taken on the line 31-31 of Fig. 25 and showing the roller clutches in one osition of adjustment;

Fig. 31 (b) is a view similar to Fig. 31 (a), showing the roller clutches in the opposite position of adjustment;

Fig. 32 is a fragmentary longitudianlsection on an enlarged scale showing a part of the clutch shifting mechanism, this section being taken generally normal to the plane of Fig. 25 along the lines 32-32 of Figs. 33, 34 and 35;

Figs. 33 and 34 are transverse sections taken along the respectively numbered section lines of Fi s. 25 and 32;

Fig. 35 is a fragmentary elevation of the clutch shifting mechanism shown in Fig. 32, parts being broken away for the sake of clarity;

Fig. 36 is a longitudinal section of one of the clutch shifting elements;

Fig. 37 is a side elevation partly in section of another clutch shifting element;

Fig. 38 is a transverse section taken on the line 38-38 of Fig. 25;

Fig 39 is a section taken on the line 39-39 of Fig. 38;

Fig. 40 is an elevation on an enlarged scale of the transmission control mechanism as 'seen in Fig. 48, with the housing cover plate removed;

Fig. 41. is a section on an enlarged scale on the line 41-41 of Fig. 40, certainparts being omitted for clearness;

Fig. 42 is'a section on an enlarged scale taken'on the line 42-42 of Fig. 40, and with Fig. 47 is a diagrammatic sectional repre sentation of the transmission illustrating the lubricating system thereof;

Fig. 48 is a side elevation of the transmission shown in Fig. 25, showing the external control members;

Fig. 49 is a lan view partly in section of the structure slh own in Fig. 48; and Fig. 50 is a section taken on the lines 50-50 of Figs. 25, 48 and 49.

Referring more particularly to Figs. 1-3, the power transmission shown comprises a driving shaft 1. Shaft 1 may, for instance, -be the crank shaft of an automobile engine. A hollow fly-wheel 2 is secured to shaft 1. Mounted within the fly-wheel are three planetary pinions 3 supported by means of ball bearings 4 on three parallel axially-extending studs 5. Studs 5 are mounted in the fly-Wheel so as to move therewith and are spaced equidistant from the fiy-wheel axis.

A central gear-wheel 6 is mounted co-axially 1- 

